History & Facts

But by 1874 the tower was reported in precarious condition.

• Head: Walter Smith (1827 – 1831), Abraham Day (1831 – 1841), Joseph B. Hall (1841 – 1845), John Cassity (1845 – 1849), Wilber Gifford (1849 – 1853), John G. Cassity (1853 – 1861), Henry Severance (1861 – 1869), Charles G. Harrison (1869 – 1870), Jefferson C. Richardson (1870 – 1872), Henry Severance (1872), Byron Rathbun (1872 – 1873), Benjamin F. Averill (1873 – 1884), Robert T. Taggert (1884 – 1887), Samuel A. Penfield (1887), Peter J. Dempsey (1887 – 1902), John T. McDonough (1902 – 1928), Francis D. Arnold (1928 – 1950), William R. Gannon (1950 – 1956), Arthur G. Bauman (1957 – 1961).
• Assistant: James S. Comstock (1867 – 1873), Elias D. Hart (1873 – 1874), William Sinfield (1874 – 1885), John D. O’Connor (1885), Peter J. Dempsey (1885 – 1887), John T. McDonough (1888 – 1902), Andrew Fredenburgh (1902 – 1907), Tom H. Holtan (1907 – 1909), Francis D. Arnold (1909 – 1928).

Military Parade Reservation Grounds – The Dunkirk Light ship is located on these grounds

War of 1812 – The first shot of the 1812 War was fired near the west bank of the lighthouse.

Civil War Union Soldier. Cpl. Cryus James of Dunkirk was the first soldier killed in the war.  Served in Company G, 9th New York Volunteer Cavalry. In the very opening of the Battle of Gettysburg, he was killed in a skirmish north of town with Ewell’s forces, prior to the main engagement that began west of town on McPherson’s Ridge. It is believed that he was the first soldier to be killed.   His resting grounds are located Gettysburg National Cemetery.  New York Plot, Row G, Grave 81Plot: New York Plot, Row G, Grave 81

WW II – Twelve active Coast Guard personnel were stationed at the lighthouse along with the lighthouse keeper.

• The lake’s first steamboat, the Walk-on-Water, was lost to a storm in 1818.
•   1841 the Erie burned with the loss of 141 lives. The fire was blamed on painters who stored turpentine and varnish on the deck above the ship’s boilers.
• In 1893, the steamboat Dean Richmond, which carried sacks of meal, flour, copper sheet, and gold and silver bullion, sank off Dunkirk. Dunkirk residents salvaged hundreds of bags of damp flour after the wreck.
•   1897, the freighter Idaho was lost. Some of its cargo of Christmas items, including slabs of chocolate, were recovered by the locals. (Roberts, Jones pp.29-30)

• The first two collapsed under the weight of winter ice.
• The third was removed in 1939 (Seaway Trail Video), and a skeleton tower was built to mark the mouth of the harbor.
• This was later replaced by the present tower – a cylindrical cigarette-like white tower with a red band.

Lake Erie Facts

Elevation: 571 ft. above sea level         Maximum Depth: 210 feet

Length: 210 miles          Max. Width: 57 miles          Volume: 116 cubic miles

12th-largest (area) lake in the world

GEOLOGICAL

• The lake was gouged out by glacial ice between 1 million and 12,600 years ago.
• It was one of the first Great Lakes to be uncovered during the last retreat of the glacial ice.
• The oldest rocks from which the Lake Erie basin was carved are about 400 million years old and formed in a tropical ocean-reef environment.
• Lake Erie and its shoreline are a major source of many minerals. The largest sandstone quarry in the world is located in Amherst, Lorain County, Ohio. Salt mines in Cuyahoga and Lake Counties extend out under Lake Erie and are an important source of revenue to the State. Sand, gypsum, and limestone used for construction purposes are found in abundance. Large reserves of natural gas, over 3 trillion cubic feet, are located under Lake Erie.

PHYSICAL

• Lake Erie is the 12th-largest (area) lake in the world, and its border includes four states (NY, PA, OH, MI) and one Canadian Province (Ontario).
• Lake Erie is the southernmost, shallowest, warmest, and most biologically productive of the five Great Lakes.
• Lake Erie has three basins: the western basin includes the islands area, the central basin extends from the islands to Erie, PA, and Long Point, Canada, and the eastern basin extends from Erie, PA, to the east end of the lake.
• Lake Erie is about 210 miles (338 km) long, about 57 miles (92 km) wide, and has a shoreline length of about 871 miles (1,400 km).
• The maximum depth is 210 feet (64 m). Average depths in the basins are: western, 24 feet (7.3 m); central, 60 feet (18.3 m); and eastern, 80 feet (24.4 m).
• The water surface area is 9,906 square miles (25,657 sq. km) and the volume is 116 cubic miles (483 cu. km).
• Lake Erie’s drainage basin area is 22,720 square miles (58,800 sq. km) and has a retention/replacement time of 2.6 years, which is the shortest of the Great Lakes.
• Water flow from the Detroit River makes up 80 to 90% of the flow into the lake.
• The outlet for Lake Erie is the Niagara River; consequently, it is Lake Erie that feeds water to Niagara Falls.
• Basin rainfall is about 34 inches per year, although the historical trend is increasing slightly.
• About 34 inches of water evaporates from the lake surface per year.
• Elevation of the Low Water Datum (chart “0”) is 568.6 feet above Father Point, Quebec. Average water elevation is about 570 feet above the same point.

HISTORIC

• The lake was the last of the Great Lakes to be discovered by Europeans, by Louis Joliet (a French explorer) in 1669.
• French claims to the lake were ceded to England as a result of the 1754-63 French and Indian Wars.
• In 1796, Connecticut gave up its claim to the Western Reserve lands, which then permitted settlement of what is now northeastern Ohio.
• The famous quotation “We have met the enemy and they are ours,” was made by Oliver Hazzard Perry during the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812, which secured the south shore of the lake for the U.S.

      Fishing

• More fish are produced each year for human consumption from Lake Erie than from the other four Great Lakes combined — Lakes Huron, Michigan Ontario and Superior.
• The western end of Lake Erie is the “Walleye Capital of the World,” producing more walleye per hectare than any other lake in the world.
• In 1981 Ohio sport fishermen spent over 13 million man-hours fishing on Lake Erie.
• Each year Ohio sport fishermen catch over 25 million fish on Lake Erie.

• thin the watershed is intensive, and a great variety of fruits, grains, and cash crops are grown.